The Ongoing Struggle For A Family Essay Example For Students

The Ongoing Struggle For A Family Essay The Ongoing Struggle for a FamilyThe most important thing in a family is that all the people in it love each other. This excerpt is from a childrens book, written by Leslea Newman, Called Heather HasTwo Mommies. This story is intended to show kids that not everyones family is thesame. Many reasons are given to dispute gay and lesbian parenting but all founded onsome of the archaic beliefs that Hitler used to kill homosexuals during W.W.II, fear andprejudice! Although having children and being parents seems like a basic human right orchoice, many people believe that the government should have the authority todiscriminate who can are cannot have children, regardless of their parenting skills. Some say that it is unnatural for gay and lesbians to have children because theyhave to go to such extremes to have them (Oppos ..199). It is kind of ironic because ithas become mainstream for heterosexual couples that are determined infertile to useartificial insemination, adoption, and even invi tro-fertilization, and when one of theseprocedures is successful the couple is said to have had a miracle, while the gay or lesbiancouple is said to be fanatical. Lesbian couples may use sperm banks, or they may becomecoparents with a gay couple that also wishes to have children. In these cases the child has4 loving and nurturing parents instead of the standard 2. Noom 2Another opposing view is that all gays and lesbians are sexually promiscuous,therefore have HIV/AIDS, and their relationships are not stable enough to have children(Oppos..199). Lesbians and gays love and form deep and lasting commitments just likeheterosexuals. To claim otherwise is to declare that lesbians and gays are somehow nothuman and ignore the reality of their lives, (New Civil..125) Laws and social viewsseem be conflicted on what they want because they say gay/lesbian relationships are notstable, but than deny them the right to marry, therefore through laws and legislation theare not promoting the behavior that they seem to require. HIV/AIDS is a horrible diseaseand truthfully is a major concern in the gay community, but it is because of thestereotypes, lack of education, and knowledge about the disease itself that this diseasewas able to attack many gay males. Although HIV/AIDS is a concern for people ingeneral the number of lesbian women with it is almost non-existent. Does this mean thatheterosexual couples that have HIV/AIDS are not having children? No, countless articlescan be found about drug using prostitutes that give birth to a baby with HIV and stillretains custody. While in 1997, a women named Sharon Bottoms loses her child inVirginia to her mother for being gay, active lesbianism practiced in the home may pose aburden upon the child by reason of Social Condemnation attached to such anarrangement the state Supreme Court stated (issues..36). All hope is not lost though, inJune of 1997 an Ohio appeals court upheld that, sexual orientation alone, has norelevance to a decision concerning the allocation of parental rights and responsibilities,(Issues..37)Many people believe that gays and lesbians shouldnt have kids because the childwill be molested and/or be mal adjusted as a youth and adult. Lesbians and gays areinherently sick and prey on children. Giving them custody of children opens thosechildren up to sexual abuse. They cannot raise healthy children, (Oppos..199). Noom 3The statistics certainly do not support these statements, Adults who sexually molestchildren are a diverse group. No one race, religion level of intelligence, level ofeducation, occupation, or income sets perpetrators apart from the rest of the population,(New Civil.. 78). One thing is clear, most often a child molester is a heterosexual malewho is acquainted with the victim (New Civil..78). Others believe that a child of ahomosexual is most likely going to be a homosexual, and even if they are not they willhave a hard time growing up due to the teasing and stereotypes of their classm ates andcommunity. Studies have proved these beliefs false, Although studies have assessedover 300 offspring of gay or lesbian parents in 12 different samples, no evidence has beenfound for significant disturbances of any kind in the development of sexual identity. they go on to say that, the same held true for moral development, intelligence, and peerrelationships, (New Civil..132). 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Take care of your health any time anywhere

Take care of your health any time anywhere Students Care. Preventing flu I must confess that winter weather and inter-season periods bring me rather negative emotions and discomfort. This is time for all possible infections, colds and flues. Two years ago I was at my first year of college study and got a terrible flu at the end of the term. It was really unpleasant experience. Due to bad physical condition I missed several exams and delayed a couple of important papers. Thus, when most of other students were having fun at parties, I was obliged to catch up with the schedule, overcoming the weakness from bad disease. That winter I decided to work over preventing such unpleasant surprises with my health and I worked out a particular strategy, which helps me to take all measures and stay in well condition even when seventy present of auditorium is affected by the seasonal diseases. All my actions are simple and require small efforts. It is much more pleasant to take care about the preventive actions during several minutes each day than be put off your stride for a week or even more. Good physical condition According to my observations, my physical condition was very often a determinative factor of my illness. So it is always important for me to sleep well, have substantial food and try to be in good temper: it is the best defense against germs and bacteria. I try to do at least minimal physical exercises and go to the gym twice a week. Walk in fresh air will be also helpful, besides if you need to get to the college using the public transport, it will be great to replace it by foot walks, if the distance is acceptable. Our organism is a complicated system and I am sure that our morale influences the range of our resistance to illnesses. Tea drinking I get used myself to this innocent, but at the same time very useful habit. I drink hot tea with lemon and honey very often. The secret is that the hot liquid prevents organism from cooling. Besides extras in the form of lemon and honey have some positive action too. Lemon thin muscles and honey has the antibacterial action. You can use other delicious and effective extras on your choice (herbs, ginger, etc.). Protein control Trying different diets or fighting with overweight, one should be very attentive to his or her health and do not make his or her organism suffer from the lack of vital elements. Thus, when you refuse sweets or bread, it is great for your curves, but do not miss an opportunity to eat food with high level of protein. Meat, eggs, dairy products are the products you need to eat and saturate your body with protein. Vitamins In the cold seasons, when my body is exhausted and is under thread of flu, I always buy some vitamins. It can be vitamins in the form of pillars or any other dosage band. Sometimes I consume vitamin C or Zink and sometimes select vitamin complex with the numerous componential parts. For antagonists of drugs I can advise fresh juice and smoothie. All your need is plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, creativity and blender, and your wellbeing will be guaranteed. Useful habits Germs are spreading very fast, staying on the door-handles, desks, books and all other possible things. I wash my hand very often, especially before having meal or having some snack. Also I have a habit to sanitize my space. If I am coming to some auditorium after a dozen of other young people or going to the overcrowded library, my sanitizer is always with me and ready to be applied any minute. Besides, I always sanitize my cell phone and tablet, imagine how many times a day you touch them! One more useful habit consists in holding the distance to people, who are coughing and sneezing. Even if you occurred to come closer to such person, breathe out until you are in the safe zone from him or her (6-10 foot). Timely reaction Anyway, if all above mentioned measures were helpless or took at the wrong time, you can feel first symptoms of disease. It is common for students not to pay much attention to such things, but I always react immediately. Feeling slight sneezing or temperature change, I stay at home at least for a couple of days and make all possible actions to nip flue in the bud. Late disease treatment often result is long lasting or chronic and even can lead to sequela. I do my best to execute all above mentioned preventive measures and take care about my wellbeing. When you are healthy, you save your time and finance and can enjoy every moment of our splendid student’s life.

Take care of your health any time anywhere

Take care of your health any time anywhere Students Care. Preventing flu I must confess that winter weather and inter-season periods bring me rather negative emotions and discomfort. This is time for all possible infections, colds and flues. Two years ago I was at my first year of college study and got a terrible flu at the end of the term. It was really unpleasant experience. Due to bad physical condition I missed several exams and delayed a couple of important papers. Thus, when most of other students were having fun at parties, I was obliged to catch up with the schedule, overcoming the weakness from bad disease. That winter I decided to work over preventing such unpleasant surprises with my health and I worked out a particular strategy, which helps me to take all measures and stay in well condition even when seventy present of auditorium is affected by the seasonal diseases. All my actions are simple and require small efforts. It is much more pleasant to take care about the preventive actions during several minutes each day than be put off your stride for a week or even more. Good physical condition According to my observations, my physical condition was very often a determinative factor of my illness. So it is always important for me to sleep well, have substantial food and try to be in good temper: it is the best defense against germs and bacteria. I try to do at least minimal physical exercises and go to the gym twice a week. Walk in fresh air will be also helpful, besides if you need to get to the college using the public transport, it will be great to replace it by foot walks, if the distance is acceptable. Our organism is a complicated system and I am sure that our morale influences the range of our resistance to illnesses. Tea drinking I get used myself to this innocent, but at the same time very useful habit. I drink hot tea with lemon and honey very often. The secret is that the hot liquid prevents organism from cooling. Besides extras in the form of lemon and honey have some positive action too. Lemon thin muscles and honey has the antibacterial action. You can use other delicious and effective extras on your choice (herbs, ginger, etc.). Protein control Trying different diets or fighting with overweight, one should be very attentive to his or her health and do not make his or her organism suffer from the lack of vital elements. Thus, when you refuse sweets or bread, it is great for your curves, but do not miss an opportunity to eat food with high level of protein. Meat, eggs, dairy products are the products you need to eat and saturate your body with protein. Vitamins In the cold seasons, when my body is exhausted and is under thread of flu, I always buy some vitamins. It can be vitamins in the form of pillars or any other dosage band. Sometimes I consume vitamin C or Zink and sometimes select vitamin complex with the numerous componential parts. For antagonists of drugs I can advise fresh juice and smoothie. All your need is plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, creativity and blender, and your wellbeing will be guaranteed. Useful habits Germs are spreading very fast, staying on the door-handles, desks, books and all other possible things. I wash my hand very often, especially before having meal or having some snack. Also I have a habit to sanitize my space. If I am coming to some auditorium after a dozen of other young people or going to the overcrowded library, my sanitizer is always with me and ready to be applied any minute. Besides, I always sanitize my cell phone and tablet, imagine how many times a day you touch them! One more useful habit consists in holding the distance to people, who are coughing and sneezing. Even if you occurred to come closer to such person, breathe out until you are in the safe zone from him or her (6-10 foot). Timely reaction Anyway, if all above mentioned measures were helpless or took at the wrong time, you can feel first symptoms of disease. It is common for students not to pay much attention to such things, but I always react immediately. Feeling slight sneezing or temperature change, I stay at home at least for a couple of days and make all possible actions to nip flue in the bud. Late disease treatment often result is long lasting or chronic and even can lead to sequela. I do my best to execute all above mentioned preventive measures and take care about my wellbeing. When you are healthy, you save your time and finance and can enjoy every moment of our splendid student’s life.

Take care of your health any time anywhere

Take care of your health any time anywhere Students Care. Preventing flu I must confess that winter weather and inter-season periods bring me rather negative emotions and discomfort. This is time for all possible infections, colds and flues. Two years ago I was at my first year of college study and got a terrible flu at the end of the term. It was really unpleasant experience. Due to bad physical condition I missed several exams and delayed a couple of important papers. Thus, when most of other students were having fun at parties, I was obliged to catch up with the schedule, overcoming the weakness from bad disease. That winter I decided to work over preventing such unpleasant surprises with my health and I worked out a particular strategy, which helps me to take all measures and stay in well condition even when seventy present of auditorium is affected by the seasonal diseases. All my actions are simple and require small efforts. It is much more pleasant to take care about the preventive actions during several minutes each day than be put off your stride for a week or even more. Good physical condition According to my observations, my physical condition was very often a determinative factor of my illness. So it is always important for me to sleep well, have substantial food and try to be in good temper: it is the best defense against germs and bacteria. I try to do at least minimal physical exercises and go to the gym twice a week. Walk in fresh air will be also helpful, besides if you need to get to the college using the public transport, it will be great to replace it by foot walks, if the distance is acceptable. Our organism is a complicated system and I am sure that our morale influences the range of our resistance to illnesses. Tea drinking I get used myself to this innocent, but at the same time very useful habit. I drink hot tea with lemon and honey very often. The secret is that the hot liquid prevents organism from cooling. Besides extras in the form of lemon and honey have some positive action too. Lemon thin muscles and honey has the antibacterial action. You can use other delicious and effective extras on your choice (herbs, ginger, etc.). Protein control Trying different diets or fighting with overweight, one should be very attentive to his or her health and do not make his or her organism suffer from the lack of vital elements. Thus, when you refuse sweets or bread, it is great for your curves, but do not miss an opportunity to eat food with high level of protein. Meat, eggs, dairy products are the products you need to eat and saturate your body with protein. Vitamins In the cold seasons, when my body is exhausted and is under thread of flu, I always buy some vitamins. It can be vitamins in the form of pillars or any other dosage band. Sometimes I consume vitamin C or Zink and sometimes select vitamin complex with the numerous componential parts. For antagonists of drugs I can advise fresh juice and smoothie. All your need is plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, creativity and blender, and your wellbeing will be guaranteed. Useful habits Germs are spreading very fast, staying on the door-handles, desks, books and all other possible things. I wash my hand very often, especially before having meal or having some snack. Also I have a habit to sanitize my space. If I am coming to some auditorium after a dozen of other young people or going to the overcrowded library, my sanitizer is always with me and ready to be applied any minute. Besides, I always sanitize my cell phone and tablet, imagine how many times a day you touch them! One more useful habit consists in holding the distance to people, who are coughing and sneezing. Even if you occurred to come closer to such person, breathe out until you are in the safe zone from him or her (6-10 foot). Timely reaction Anyway, if all above mentioned measures were helpless or took at the wrong time, you can feel first symptoms of disease. It is common for students not to pay much attention to such things, but I always react immediately. Feeling slight sneezing or temperature change, I stay at home at least for a couple of days and make all possible actions to nip flue in the bud. Late disease treatment often result is long lasting or chronic and even can lead to sequela. I do my best to execute all above mentioned preventive measures and take care about my wellbeing. When you are healthy, you save your time and finance and can enjoy every moment of our splendid student’s life.

Challenge of Searching One's True Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenge of Searching One's True Self - Essay Example I believe father Lawton has very wisely declared the process of self-discovery as being parallel to that of a risky adventure. The journey to become ourselves is a risky journey because there are so many hurdles in the way. Man can be easily deceived and distracted away from the true path. The greatest risk while searching one’s true self is to lose the way, forget the real purpose of being and become distracted. Bible itself warns against this: "See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy,   which depends on human tradition and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ." (Colossians 2:8) Self-exploration is a difficult and complex task and men tend to lose their focus on the way. In this tedious task, there are illusions of truth, one starts believing that he has attained the knowledge of his inner self and is now able to control it while actually what he has covered is just one tiny milestone. Since college life is full of new horizons and avenues, as chapters of knowledge unfold, so does the risk of being drawn away and distracted. In my journey towards self, I see many risks of misperception and distraction. College life will bring with it all sorts of information and I’ll have to categorize it in a manner that adheres to my Christian belief and guides me towards self-discovery.

Sugar Cane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sugar Cane - Essay Example Probably the most vital contribution of understanding the origins of the plant in world history is recounting the suppression of Africans who became slaves in the pursuit of supplying the needs for the plant's products. Sugar cane has been known for at least 2200 years dating back from the rise of Alexander the Greta when his army saw the plant during the conquest of India in 326 BC (Purseglove, 1979). The discovery of Arabs and Greeks on the potential of sugar cane juices to substitute to the popularly used honey was a turning point to the spread of the plant. Western expansion of Arabs in the 7th and 8th centuries marked the introduction of sugar in Europe and the West (Heiser, 1981). It is a sub-tropical and tropical plant that grows well on spots with robust supply of sunlight and water - so long as the plant's roots are not waterlogged (Deerr, 1949). Purgloves (1979) accounts that sugar cane was originally grown for the sole purpose of chewing in vast territories of Asia and the Pacific. The rind was removed and the internal tissues sucked or chewed to extract the sugar and juice contents on it. According to the account, production of sweet products of the plant by boiling the cane juice was f irst discovered in India, most likely during the first millennium BC. It is in the purpose of this paper that sugar yield would characterize the sugar cane products to focus on the economics of the commodity on which the plant has been primarily known and used due to its properties to produce a sweet substance in whatever form. Processing of sugar canes whether following the old procedures or the present modern technique starts with harvesting. Harvesting of the sugar cane is done through chopping down the stems. Where possible the cane is fired before harvesting to remove the dead leaf material and some of the waxy coating. The fire burns at quite high temperatures but is monitored to last only for a short period so that the cane and its sugar are not harmed (www.food-info.net). Harvesting is done by hand during the earlier days but has been done with machine beginning 18th century. First stage of processing is the extraction of cane juice. Boiling was the main extraction procedure during the 15th century (Purseglove, 1979). With the upgrade of processes before the 19th century, extraction of sugar cane juice included the removal of excess water through the use of machines and cleaning up the juice with slaked lime (www.sucrose.com). As with the traditional way, evaporation comes next in the process by thi ckening up the juice in the syrup by removing the water through boiling. In earlier years, leaving it as syrup or drying up the water under the sun or through steaming and having unrefined crystals would have sufficed and the process of producing the end product would have ended (Heiser, 1981). With the advent of machines, even the simple traditional ones, crystallization takes place through painstaking procedures of boiling. After making the product fit for storage, affination comes next to continuously refine the end product characterized to be primarily as sweetener. The end

Indigenous or aboriginal deaths in custody in Australia

Indigenous or aboriginal deaths in custody in Australia This paper is focused on indigenous or aboriginal deaths in custody in Australia. This problem is not only in Australia but it is a widespread occurrence since there is overrepresentation of Aboriginal in the justice systems especially the criminal justice systems. The indigenous people are the most marginalized across the world especially when one looks at social, health economic and educational conditions that they are put in. This is why the indigenous people are always criminalized and this can be justified by examples from countries such as United States of America, New Zealand and Canada (Sallybanks, 2005). In Canada aboriginal comprise of just 3% of the whole population but they have the majority criminals in custody since they are seventeen percent of the inmates in the federal prisons. In some penitentiaries in Canada the Aboriginal make up to 60% of the inmates. In a province such as Saskatchewan Aboriginal are incarcerated thirty five more times than the population which i s the mainstream. This paper discusses the criminal justice system in Australia and how there is indigenous overrepresentation in the same system. Furthermore, the paper looks into the findings which have been done by researchers on the indigenous deaths which happen when they are incarcerated in the context of Royal Commission which was done on the Aboriginal deaths in custody (Joudo Curnow, 2007). Using other articles and research materials, the paper takes into account then deaths of prisoners in prisons and police custodies, which indicate some of the issues which relate to Aboriginal reaction to the system of criminal justice, more particularly in exercise of appropriate duty of care and more specifically in the reduction of the criminalization of the Aboriginal societies and communities. Discussion The discussion on indigenous deaths in custody cannot be complete if one does not discuss about the work of the royal Commission which was incorporated to find out the causes of Aboriginal deaths in custody in Australia. This commission was established in 1987 and it findings were presented four years later to the federal parliament. This commission was generated by some organizations which were in support of the indigenous communities in Australia. The organizations included Aboriginal legal service, which was meant to defend the family members of those who had died during their time in prison and also their supporters (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996). In the early 1980s there were many deaths which occurred to people who were in prisons and police custody, and this caused serious alarm in all communities especially the Aboriginal society in the country. The overrepresentation of the Aboriginal people in custody was one of the major causes of deaths in custody according to the report presented by the Royal Commission. However, there was negligence of duty to the part of the authorities thus leading to deaths of the Aboriginal population. The committee found out that the custodial authorities had no understanding of duty of care; there were other defects to the system which were related to care that lead to such deaths. Furthermore, there were other failures which related to the exercise of care. In some instances the lack to provide care directly to the inmates also contributed to the deaths of the Aboriginal people in custody. In his findings on New South Wales a commissioner by the name McCall (2004) concluded that, Every one of the (18) deaths was potentially avoidable and in a more enlightened and efficient system might not have occurred. Many of those who died should not or need not have been in custody at all. He found that negligence, lack of care, and/or breach of instructions on the part of custodial authorities were found to have played an important role in the circumstances leading to 13 of the 18 deaths investigated (pg63). The position of the indigenous people which is disadvantaged one and also unequal has contributed to the difficulty in bringing these people to contact with the criminal justice system. The commission found that in order to do away with these disadvantages and inequality is only through self-determination, empowerment and reconciliation of the indigenous people (Williams, 2001). Through the commissions findings, it was noted that the Aboriginality of the person was also an important factor and in some specific cases the dominant person in Aboriginality lead to the eventual death in custody and also the placement of the person. In almost 50% of the cases which had been reported the victim had been separated from his/her family since childhood and such a percentage also had been in custody since the age 15 years. It was also noted that over eighty percent of these cases the victims were unemployed. Generally the dead people were reported to have had early contact with the criminal just ice system or had repeated cases in the system. The history of the Aboriginal people is also a factor that contributes to the death in custody. This factor was also highlighted in the article by Dalton (1996b) where he says that, The history of Aboriginal relations with the broader community has impacted upon Aboriginal people in many ways. Collectively, Aboriginal people have been denied access to the social and economic power, which is essential to effective participation in mainstream society. The dislocation of Aboriginal people from their land and culture, and the intrusion of Western society into Aboriginal life have rendered many Aboriginal forms of social control ineffective. The dependence, which characterized the confined and controlled way in which most Aboriginal people lived for much of recent history, has left people poorly equipped to deal with the many social problems they experience (pg 45). There were e 339 recommendations which were made by the Royal Commission in order to achieve some objectives in reducing the custody levels, assuring self determination and remedying disadvantages which are associated to social life. There have been commitments in all subsequent governments in Australia in achieving and implementing these recommendations. There were also recommendations which were designed to reduce custody deaths m, which included the complete removal of hanging places from cells, increase of training to the judiciary and police in cross culture societies and increase of awareness to the medical and custodial staff in issues concerning the proper handling of indigenous and no-indigenous people who have been incarcerated (Joudo Veld, 2005). Manner of Death in Custody The findings of the manner of death are similar to the causes of death. The manner of death is in many types, it can be self inflicted, justifiable homicide, and natural causes, accidental or unlawful homicide. In the self inflicted death, this is considered to be any form of self harm that may lead to death other than natural death. For instance gunshot wounds which are self inflicted and most hangings are considered to be self inflicted deaths. There are circumstances that lead to deaths and are authorized by law such deaths are called justifiable homicide e.g. a prisoner shot by a warden who is acting in self-defence. Strategies for Managing Deaths in Custody Response For any program of intervention appropriate and timely intervention is important to save lives. For one to have effective intervention it is important to treat every aspect of the accident or incident of self harm with the seriousness it deserves and not looking at the behavior as that which is manipulative. In some jurisdictions it is crucial to provide prisoners with proper access of experienced and knowledgeable counseling staff for a quick response. Prisons in Australia have started some of these programs such as the mobilization of teams which are in charge of multi-discipline (Bhatia Anderson, 1995). There has been a recent procedure in New South Wales where there is deployment of Risk Intervention Team (RIT). Incase an incident is reported, a record is made on the inmates case file and individual file, while also a completion of the notification is made to the RIT. In the RIT form there are three categories of risks which are indentified, suicide threat, definite risk of suic ide and a definite self harm. The team comprises of several members who include a nurse, custodial officer and two other members of the team. It is a requirement by the Department of Correction in New South Wales, that all occurrences of suicide be investigated and concluded. In such circumstances, several treatment alternatives are suggested for instance, access to visitors by inmates, special placements, special dormitories or cells and counseling. Prisoners in Australia who are categorized as high risk factors in terms of self harm risk being placed under the watch of crisis care units (Dalton, 1999a). The existence of these units is in areas such as Queensland, Victorian, New South Wales and prison systems in Western Australia. Accommodation In order to manage inmates who are at risk various accommodation strategies have been put in place in Australian prisons. Prisoners are more likely to commit self harm or suicide when they are alone in cell; this has made many correction centers and prisons to come up with shared cells and dormitories in order to avert these risks (Pedersen Walker, 2000). In a report compiled from Northern Territory, the findings are that there are positive results in dormitory accommodation, since distress in Aboriginal inmates has declined drastically. In the recent past the method of accommodating inmates who are suicidal in strip cells has been criticized. But in most extreme suicidal risks the use of strip cells, where an inmate is dispossessed all his/her clothing in order to reduce the chances of suicide, is being used in Tasmania. The policy in New South Wales says that not inmate shall be stripped naked and put in a cell alone. If the inmate is in extreme suicidal risk, then he shall remain fully clothed but at 24 hour surveillance by cameras and a guard. A number of cells in Australia for example Australian Capital Territory, Western Australia cells and Northern Territory, have used cameras to monitor inmates (Biles Dalton, 2001). A report that was released by the criminology unit of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC), recommends that all Australian prisons should provide cells which are safe for prisoners who risk to commit suicide or who are a threat to themselves. Through the creation of such cells, hanging points would be eliminated for instance rails, bars and light fittings. Safe cells would also increase surveillance of the prisoners thus making it easy to monitor them (Day and Davison 2004). Supports This is another crucial prevention strategy. This strategy includes regular counseling and continuous assessment of prisoners by members of medical teams which are situated in prisons, such teams comprise of the following members; social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses. Peer support programs are also other means which can be used in prisons to combat self harm or suicide. Such programs involve prisoners being taught important skills in peer support and they have been observed to be essential in combating deaths in custody and also monitoring distressed inmates which occurs during reception of inmates (Chen et al. 2005). A prison such as Mount Gambier which is in Southern Australia has such a program where inmates are on duty 24 hours to support fellow inmates. This program has been enhanced through regular committee meetings between peer members and the prison administration. Support schemes which involve prisoners have been put in place especially those targeted to Aboriginal inmates and the programs include visit schemes for the Aboriginals, prisoner support services for the Aboriginals and staff who are psychologists basically inclined to the Aboriginal inmates welfare. Various jurisdictions in Australia have emphasized on the significance of prisoners support visit programs. There has also been an attempt to increase the contact between visitors and the correction staff .This is aimed at increasing communication between prisoners so as the prisoners can effectively communicate their risks and needs and also to seek better services from the staff (Joudo, 2006b). Management This concept of managing prisons has been there for many years. In a number of jurisdictions, they are viewed as vital in monitoring of inmates for indications of difficulty and anguish. In prisons such as New South Wales, individuals management plans are developed and they are continuously assed by a management team which is established by the administration for discipline measures. Such a program is designed to increase cooperation and interaction between the inmates and the prison staff. In the Victorian model of managing inmates, the prisons are segmented in to small sections or units which are easily manageable (Atkinson Dagger, 1996). Members of staff are allocated in each unit daily to overlook and monitor the inmates in such units on a permanent basis. There is greater interaction between members of staff and inmates in such units thus reducing tension and distress among prisoners. In case of a transfer of any inmate in prisons such as New South Wales, the prisoner is accompanied with his/her case management files so as to improve the services. There has been an agreement between various departments in Australia for example Correction Department, Federal police and ACT Youth Justice which has formalized the exchange of important information about an inmate for proper monitoring. Exchange of information about inmates and proper communication within various correctional institutions is recommended in Australia. The new model of suicide prevention in Western Australia has emphasized communication and responsibility of various correctional departments in order to reduce deaths in custody (Collins Mouzos, 2001). Drills in suicide prevention and training are part and parcel of the newly formed suicide prevention strategy. Prison Environment Within the new frame work of suicide prevention the Department of justice in the Western Australian Correctional centers, has made its priority to reduce prison stressors. The following measures have been proposed by the department: The extension of programs in peer support and to increase the roles of fellow prisoners in reducing custody deaths, To increase prisoners recreational activities such as provision of facilities such as radio and television the remanded prisoners and those who are at risk of committing suicide ad, Reducing overcrowding in prisons through improving the prison facilities. The new system in Australian prisons has been put in place to stabilize punishment standards in all prisons and also to put in place new systems for adjudicating grievances and monitoring prisoners punishments (Joudo, 2006a). There is also an emphasis on programs which involve induction in order to ease a transition of prisoners into prison environment. Conclusion Education is an important factor in life and it is one of the social determinants. Education also links other factors of life such as proper housing, unemployment, poverty and access to health care. Therefore, it is important for the federal government of Australia to educate the Aboriginal community in order to reduce their population in prisons. Indigenous people are marginalized thus making them lead a criminal life in such for better services (Commonwealth of Australia, 2002).The federal government should put more emphasis in implementing the recommendations of the Royal Commission in order to reduce deaths of Aboriginal people in custody. There is also need for improvement in the federal police since some of the inmates die in police custody due to harassment and other factors. Finally in order to eradicate deaths in prisons, the prison facilities should be improved as has been discussed in the paper.